育才学习网1.谁能用英文介绍一下达芬奇
你是不是刚看过达芬奇密码的电影？ 不怎么样， 书强多了。
去读英语的原文， 比电影强 Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Florentine artist, one of the great masters of the High Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. His profound love of knowledge and research was the keynote of both his artistic and scientific endeavours. His innovations in the field of painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than a century after his death, and his scientific studies—particularly in the fields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics—anticipated many of the developments of modern science.Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in the small town of Vinci, near Florence, in Tuscany. He was the son of a wealthy Florentine notary and a peasant woman. In the mid-1460s the family settled in Florence, where Leonardo was given the best education that Florence, a major intellectual and artistic centre of Italy, could offer. He rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. He was handsome, persuasive in conversation, and a fine musician and improviser. In about 1466 he was apprenticed as a garzone (studio boy) to Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. In Verrocchio's workshop Leonardo was introduced to many activities, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. In 1472 he was admitted to the painters' guild of Florence, and in 1476 he was still considered Verrocchio's assistant. In Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ (c. 1470, Uffizi, Florence), the kneeling angel in the left of the painting is by Leonardo.In 1478 Leonardo became an independent master. His first commission, to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, was never executed. His first large painting, The Adoration of the Magi (Uffizi), begun in 1481 and left unfinished, was ordered for the monastery of San Donato a Scopeto, Florence. Other works ascribed to his youth are the so-called Benois Madonna (c. 1478, Hermitage, St Petersburg), the portrait Ginevra de' Benci (c. 1474, National Gallery, Washington, D.C.), and the unfinished St Jerome (c. 1481, Pinacoteca, Vatican).In about 1482 Leonardo entered the service of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, having written the duke an astonishing letter in which he stated that he could build portable bridges; that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and of making cannons; that he could build ships as well as armoured vehicles, catapults, and other war machines; and that he could execute sculpture in marble, bronze, and clay. He served as principal engineer in the duke's numerous military enterprises and was also active as an architect. In addition, he assisted the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in the celebrated work Divina Proportione (1509), a treatise on aesthetics centring on the concept of the Golden Section.Evidence indicates that Leonardo had apprentices and pupils in Milan, for whom he probably wrote the various texts later compiled as Treatise on Painting (1651; trans. 1956). The most important of his own paintings during the early Milan period was The Virgin of the Rocks, two versions of which exist (1483-1485, Louvre, Paris; 1490s to 1506-1508, National Gallery, London); he worked on the compositions for a long time, as was his custom, seemingly unwilling to finish what he had begun. From 1495 to 1497 Leonardo laboured on his masterpiece, The Last Supper, a mural in the refectory of the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. Unfortunately, his experimental use of oil on dry plaster (on what was the thin outer wall of a space designed for serving food) led to technical problems, and by 1500 the mural had begun to deteriorate. Since 1726 attempts have been made, unsuccessfully, to restore it; a concerted conservation and restoration programme, making use of the latest technology, was begun in 1977 (completed in 1999) and has reversed some of the damage. Although much of the original surface is gone, the majesty of the composition and the penetrating characterization of the figures give a fleeting vision of its vanished splendour.During his long stay in Milan, Leonardo also produced other paintings and drawings (most of which are now lost), theatre designs, architectural drawings, and models for the dome of Milan Cathedral. His largest commission was for a colossal bronze equestrian statue of Francesco Sforza, father of Ludovico, for the courtyard of Castello Sforzesco. In December 1499, however, the Sforza family was driven 。
2.达芬奇的全名叫什么 是英文名字
达芬奇 （Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519）作为文艺复兴时期作卓越的代表人物，他的成就和贡献是多方面的。
达芬奇出生在佛罗伦萨附近的一个小镇——芬奇镇。他是一位天才，他一面热心于艺术创作和理论研究，他研究如何用线条与立体造型去表现形体的各种问题；另一方面他也同时研究自然科学。
达芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大最著名的巨匠，他不仅是一位天才的画家，并且是大数学家、科学家、力学家和工程师，是一位多才多艺、全面发展的人。他有着多方面的才能，对人类作出过多方面的贡献。
他不仅会画画，雕塑，建筑房屋，还会发明武器，设计过世界上第一个飞行机、他又是一个医学家、音乐家和戏剧家，而且在物理学、地理学和植物学等其它科学的研究上也很有成就。他道德高尚，举止温雅，且体格健壮，力量过人，据说他一只手就能轻易地折断马蹄铁。
他左右手都会写字、作画，他用左手写的字是反向的，人们只有在镜子里才能看懂。 “这是世界美术史上最美的一只右手；这副脸庞，只要见过一次，就永远离不开我们的记忆。”
（《蒙娜丽莎》）“这是人类绘画的极品，这幅画的巨大成功致使以后的画家没人敢再涉足这个题材。”（《最后的晚餐》）“这是画家62岁时的自画像，寥寥数笔，就为后人留下了素描艺术史上的典范之作。”
（《达芬奇自画像》） 在同时代的人看来，达芬奇就像一位充满传奇色彩的魔术师，有万能天才的美誉。在现代人眼中，令人惊异的是，他仅用十二幅完整的作品就奠定了最伟大的画家的地位。
人们一般认为，艺术不是科学。但是按照达芬奇的界定，艺术，尤其绘画，不但是一种科学，甚至是“所有科学之后”。
达芬奇既能发现事物表面迷人的美感，又不丧失物理学者与解剖学者的视角。他同时具有科学家的观察力与艺术家的表现力，是艺术史上第一位对人体和动物的比例做过系统研究的艺术家。
他研究解剖长达40年之久，还亲自解剖了三十几具各种年龄的尸体。他不但熟悉人体外部的比例，而且了解人体的内部构造，因此笔下人物的比例、结构、动态都十分准确，无懈可击。
这幅著名的人体解剖素描把完美的人体造型包含在一个圆形和正方形中，被认为是最成功的设想。 达芬奇对几何比例与构图十分着迷。
《蒙娜丽莎》除了那永恒的神秘微笑外，还创造性地解决了半身肖像的构图问题。三个多世纪以来，西方那些卓越的半身像无一不受这幅画的影响。
他还丰富和发展了前人的金字塔型构图，《岩间圣母》中群像以圣母的头部为顶点，形成的等腰三角形，如金字塔般稳定而和谐。与其他作品一样，《最后的晚餐》以几何图形为基础设计画面，体现出数学的对称美。
有人评价这幅画是科学与艺术成了婚，而哲学又在这种完美的结合上留下了亲吻。 达芬奇最大的艺术贡献是运用明暗法使平的画面呈现出空间感和立体感。
在文艺复兴初期，画家一般都用线条来表现透视，单线平涂，色彩较单调。而达芬奇研究光影学，首创明暗渐进法，用光线和阴影的技巧来描绘人物、景致，使之呈现逼真的立体感。
一直到印象派出现的几百年内，无人能够逾越达芬奇建立的三度空间绘画体系。由他首创的明暗法使这一时期的绘画为之一变，艺术史家普遍认为它是绘画艺术的一个转折点。
他的艺术成就直接影响了后来的米开朗其罗、拉斐尔等艺术大师。从《最后的晚餐》起，西方绘画才真正进入了文艺复兴的鼎盛时期。
达芬奇画的人物像 达芬奇还进一步归纳整理了解剖、透视、明暗和构图等零碎的技法知识，并从科学的角度进行审视。在他的《论绘画》手稿中，最初是想记录下对物理世界客观描述，但不久就转而注意到透视、比例、几何与光学，之后是解剖学与机械学，最后则是探索宇宙本身的机械功能问题。
《论绘画》是后人从达芬奇十八本笔记中抽取出来编撰而成的，有人称它是整个艺术史上最珍贵的文献。 尽管有的时候，对科学的兴趣浓厚到使他不愿提笔作画，但绘画毕竟是他最初的事业。
达芬奇就像研究别的学问一样，努力把绘画当成一种科学，终其一生都在孜孜不倦的探索中。在同时代的人看来，达·芬奇就像一位充满传奇色彩的魔术师，有万能天才的美誉。
在现代人眼中，令人惊异的是，他仅用十二幅完整的作品就奠定了最伟大的画家的地位。 人们一般认为，艺术不是科学。
但是按照达芬奇的界定，艺术，尤其绘画，不但是一种科学，甚至是“所有科学之后”。 达芬奇既能发现事物表面迷人的美感，又不丧失物理学者与解剖学者的视角。
他同时具有科学家的观察力与艺术家的表现力，是艺术史上第一位对人体和动物的比例做过系统研究的艺术家。他研究解剖长达40年之久，还亲自解剖了三十几具各种年龄的尸体。
他不但熟悉人体外部的比例，而且了解人体的内部构造，因此笔下人物的比例、结构、动态都十分准确，无懈可击。这幅著名的人体解剖素描把完美的人体造型包含在一个圆形和正方形中，被认为是最成功的设想。
达芬奇对几何比例与构图十分着迷。《蒙娜丽莎》除了那永恒的神秘微笑外，还创造性地解决了半身肖像的构图问题。
三个多世纪以来，西方那些卓越的半身像无一不受这幅画的影响。