育才学习网1.毕业论文里面的research question怎么判断,怎么找
这个问题没看懂。应该是先对Research Question 进行研究，将研究成果总结成毕业论文，不是从毕业论文中判断Research Question。如果先有毕业论文，要知道它的Research Question，只需找一下它的研究目的；如果在论文中判断不出它的研究目的，估计这篇论文好不到哪里去。 追问： 英国这边的老师，在毕业论文前先交一个大纲，里面明文规定要把你的research question呈现出来，然后才有其他步骤 回答： 这就对了，你们的论文课题还没开始呢。做毕业论文的程序一般是：开题报告——课题研究——论文大纲——论文——答辩。从你的描述看，你们老师问你们要开题报告，也就是选好一个课题，写开题报告，准备开始研究。我手边的一份博士后开题报告的内容如下：
本课题的研究内容、意义、应用价值、经济效益、学术水平本课题国内外当前研究现状、市场预测本课题研究拟采用的技术路线、方案、主要技术关键及解决途径本课题研究的工作基础本课题的研究经费预算及所需仪器设备本课题所需人员配置本课题预期研究成果本课题具体研究计划及工作进度安排 参照这个格式，把能填的填好了，不能填的可能不适用，就不必写了。 补充： 不好意思，没注意看你的描述，你的论文题目是：Board Games are Beneficial to College Students这是你的论点。那么你的Research Question就是：Are Board Games to College Students？你所有的论据就是要证明这个问题的肯定回答。 补充： Are Board Games Beneficial to College Students 追问： 你的意思就是，research question就是把你的题目变成疑问句？？？？就这么简单？？？我先睡觉了，我现在半夜一点40 了，我明天把导师给我说的话，给你说一下，你再帮我研究研究。好么？ 回答： 好的 追问： 老师说我没有focus question还说我为什么不对比中国和英国的boardgame不同，但是我现在需要知道的是，英国论文里面，他要让你写大纲，那个格式是什么。并且是我怎么去找一个号的，合适的research question？ 回答： 很多家长认为：玩游戏浪费时间、玩物丧志、让人上瘾，棋类游戏也不例外；我们节衣缩食、千辛万苦把孩子培养成大学生，能让他（她）毁在游戏上吗？我们不能答应。那么，棋类游戏对大学生有益吗？你告诉我们，棋类游戏有益大学生。那么棋类游戏有哪些益处呢？你说：陶冶性情、锻炼系统思维、提高博弈技巧，这些都是大学生做学问与为人处世需要的，是大学生必需的一项修炼，我还著文论述《棋类游戏有益大学生》。这么看来，用“棋类游戏对大学生有哪些益处”作为Focus Question似乎更为合适。 英国的论文格式我不清楚，我只有中国的论文格式。格式要求你尽可以问导师要，不过正文的结构要自己组织。你这么信得过我，我就凭自己的一知半解提一些建议，我姑妄言之，你姑妄听之。 1. 绪论引言（或绪论）简要说明研究工作的目的、范围、相关领域的前人工作和知识空白、理论基础和分析、研究设想、研究方法和实验设计、预期结果和意义等。应言简意赅，不要与摘要雷同，不要成为摘要的注释。一般教科书中有的知识，在引言中不必赘述。1.1 棋类游戏有益大学生吗 收集整理家长普遍担心的“玩物丧志”的社会问题资料，引出标题所示问题。1.2 研究目的与范围 研究发现，棋类游戏对大学生有如下益处：1、2、3、4、。。 本文的研究范围：1.3 本课题国内外研究现状1.4 本课题研究方案1.5 本课题研究意义1.6 本文内容简介1.7 本章小结 以下是核心部分，占主要篇幅，可以包括：调查对象、实验和观测方法、仪器设备、材料原料、实验和观测结果、计算方法和编程原理、数据材料、经过加工整理的图表、形成的论点和导出的结论等。由于研究工作涉及的学科、选题、研究方法、工作进程、结果表达式等有很大的差异。对正文内容不能作统一的规定。但是，必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读。语句通顺、标点使用正确、不得生造词汇，尽量不使用缩略和简称。
2.research plan 怎么写
首先要有个 好的research question ，来自于你对于文献或者是研究中遇到的puzzle。
然后你根据这个research question 做一个literature review。看现有的研究在解释这个问题是有什么缺陷，以及你有什么可借鉴的地方。在此基础上，你提出自己的independent variable。看从几个方面来控制这个变量。然后找大量的证据来证明你的论点。
在research plan，你还需要写出你的研究方法，是用定性访谈的，还是定量建模的。
最后，写出在时间上如何安排。
over~
3.怎样写一篇好的RESEARCH PROPOSAL
每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。
它大致对应中文里的“开题报告”、“选题报告”、“研究报告”，是一项研究开始之前的提纲、规划和陈述；既是为了帮助自己梳理文献、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是写给相关他人的说明：研究动机和意义何在？可能有何成果？为什么它值得你的资助/认可/支持/批准？不知道是否可以说，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。但实际而功利的说，如果你的proposal很烂，可能根本就不会有开始研究的机会。
How to write a research proposal？ 能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。但形式也很重要。
英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。
对于非英语native speaker的我们，如何理解英文学术世界的规范或曰思维定势，也是写作proposal之前必备的背景知识。下面这篇流传甚广的Research Proposal写作指南，言简意赅，颇具启发，对我自己的写作有所帮助，也希望能给更多的学界同仁带来便利。
[点击这里，查看更多关于RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL写作的网上资源] 文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. TITLE: It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal. ABSTRACT: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident. Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas. However, try to place your research question in the 。
4.怎样写好research proposal
研究计划；研究提案；研究计划书
例句
释义：
全部，研究计划，研究提案，研究计划书
1.
Student oral presentations of research proposal due
进行研究提议的口头陈述报告
2.
Ethical Principle of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research(Proposal)
人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理准则（建议稿）
3.
Writing a research proposal in clinical psychology
临床心理学研究计划的写作要点
4.
Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what aresearch proposal means, nor do they understand its importance.
大多数学生和刚起步的研究者都不了解什么是研究计划，也不知道其重要性。
5.有没有人知道什么是 research question
ABSTRACT
How well can human faces be identified by humans and by computers, using subjectively judged "feature" descriptions like long ears, wide-set eyes, etc.? Three classes of experiments are reported: 1) Gathering, analysis, and assessment of face-feature data for 255 faces. 2) Computer identification-studies. 3) Human identification-studies. A set of 22 features was evolved from an initially larger set to provide relevant, distinctive, relatively independent measures which can be judged reliably. Computer studies and a mathematical model established limits of performance of a person attempting to isolate a face from a population using feature descriptions. The model predicts that under certain conditions approximately 6 of an individual's features are required to isolate him from a population of 255. Human experiments under similar conditions showed unique identification occurred with an average of about 7 features. The model predicts that for a population of 4*106, only 14 feature-descriptions are required. These studies form a foundation for continuing research on real-time man-machine interaction for computer classification and identification of multidimensional vectors specified by noisy components.
6.留学research proposal怎么写
Research proposal是研究计划，是申请高校时要提交的一份材料，和PS不同，RP是纯学术的，需要有一个明确清晰完整的研究计划对对其有良好的掌控。
相信对每个出国留学的同学来说都不陌生，即便不是文科商科，例如音乐美术等一些专业，你都逃不了写Proposal。在写毕业论文前，申请博士学位前，导师都会要求你写研究计划。
1.Research Proposal是什么？
Research Proposal解释申请人读博要做什么的，是读博课题和计划的解释汇总。Research Proposal就是清楚告诉你导师你研究课题的价值，你是否具备完成这个课题的能力，以及包括一个完整的工作进度表。
2.写Proposal难点在哪里？
从未写过Proposal，也没有相关课程教怎么写。再者本科生的写学术文章比较少，语句，表达方面较差（用第一人称）。而且不具备强大的检索、阅读、整理、分析英文文献综述的能力。
3.Research Proposal结构：
Research question（研究课题）
也就是题目，用一小段话概括你整个研究计划。
Abstract/outlining（研究摘要）
包含研究主题，目标和研究方法，主要陈述你的研究理由，问题等一些问题
Introduction（引言）
作为Research Proposal的第一部分，这里可以陈述你的研究问题，研究背景，研究目的等。
Literature Review（文献综述）
作为研究背景的第二部分补充，有的同学喜欢把LR作为一个独立部分写，也有放进引言部分的。文献综述就是对前人研究的总结，需要一定的时间去阅读相关文献，对前人研究进行分析整理，对前人的研究进行评论和分析。
Research Methods（研究方法）
研究计划的方法，并陈述这些方法的可行性。包括你的研究假设，所采用的研究方法，研究方法可能有多种，不同选题，研究方法也不一样，常用的有访问和调查问卷。至少两种以上研究方法，定量研究和定性研究。
Reference（参考文献）
不多说。
4.Research Proposal怎么写？
写这个东西主要是为了让导师了解你，你可以觉得是你的个人简历/自我介绍，不是用来作为未来学术规划。
这给研究计划怎么写，应该要说清楚，你做过什么，有那些学术基础，你这些经历的价值所在，这些东西目前的进度进展如何，怎么去解决
要确定和解决三个问题（2W1H）:
1.打算做什么？
2.为什么这样做？
3.如何做？
比如：为什么这个问题重要？为什么他很难解决？为什么要解决他？
7.留学申请的Research Proposal怎么写
申请出国留学用的Research Proposal（以下简称“RP”）跟正经的RP或者说开题报告还不一样，通常较短，多则2-5千字，少则区区几百字，属于螺丝壳里做道场。因此，正常的博士开题报告那种动辄上万字，reference几大篇的style，完全不合适。
留学用RP的关键通常在于两点，一是选题，二是研究方法。选题就是确定你的research question，或者要验证的hypothesis。研究方法各校的定义和称谓比较混乱，以research methodology/method/design为主，具体情况则需具体分析——不过就UZE优择所见，基本上都是要求说明基本的研究策略，或者具体的技术实现途径，或者二者兼有。
此外literature review（文献综述）往往也不可或缺。因为是螺丝壳里做道场，字数有限，通常只能review几个最具代表性的文献，而且语言表述必须精炼——这是个技术活儿，没法儿速成，所以暂时略过。
如果是几百字版的申请用RP，那差不多也就只能把选题和研究方法说清楚，然后根据学校的具体要求在introduction/background,brief literature review、rationale/significance、impact/value、expected outcome、timeline之类的中间选两三项（这个各校差别很大）敷衍下（也要认真），就齐活了。
但上千字的RP就不一样了。通常需要以introduction之类的开头，然后第二节通常是literature review（也可能是第三节），然后引出需要研究的question或者要验证的hypothesis（也可能是第二节），然后讲讲research design/methodology/method（这个还可能分成两节），再讲讲研究的价值或者可期待的产出（即value/significance/expected output之类），以及粗略的时间表和预算啥的。Zhuangbility的可能还得有ethnical concerns乃至abstract之类的。
对中国学生而言，还有一个技术性障碍，即referencing或者说citation格式。这虽然只是个技术问题，但却也是很多孩子乃至代写和捉刀手的死穴——因为他们不肯像优择UZE一样，花时间学习和克服这个技术问题。其实APA/MLA/Harvard/Chicago之类的格式网上都有大把的详尽指南，只需认真二字而已。
8.如何写作 Research Proposal
How to Write a Research Proposal Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. Title: It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, "An investigation of . . ." could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal. Abstract: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. Introduction: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident. Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas. However, try to place your research question in the context of either a current "hot" area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify "key players" and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance. The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area, with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study. The introduction generally covers the following elements: State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing. Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to be addressed by your research. Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment. Alternatively, specify the 。
9.如何写研究计划Research Proposal
How to write a research proposal？能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。
但形式也很重要。英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。
程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。对于非英语native speaker的我们，如何理解英文学术世界的规范或曰思维定势，也是写作proposal之前必备的背景知识。
下面这篇流传甚广的Research Proposal写作指南，言简意赅，颇具启发，对我自己的写作有所帮助，也希望能给更多的学界同仁带来便利。[点击这里，查看更多关于RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL写作的网上资源]文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下：Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.TITLE:It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal.ABSTRACT:It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.INTRODUCTION:The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing.If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident.Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas.However, try to place your research question in the context of either a current “hot” area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify “key players” and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance.The introduction typically begins with 。
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